The Lioness of Altamura, Puglia, Italy

Located in the region of Puglia, in Southern Italy, the small town of Altamura is home to an extraordinary paleontological find, now known as the “Lioness of Altamura.” This remarkable discovery has grabbed international attention and provided valuable insights into the region’s prehistoric past.

The story of the Lioness of Altamura begins in 1993 when a group of cavers ventured into the intricate cave systems of the Murgia Plateau, near the town. Exploring the depths of these caves, they stumbled upon an unexpected treasure—a pristine and nearly complete skeleton embedded in the ancient limestone.

After alerting the authorities, a team of Italian paleontologists and archaeologists were dispatched to investigate what soon came to be recognized as one of the most significant paleontological finds in Europe. The remains found in Altamura Cave belonged to a large female bear (Ursus spelaeus), which inhabited the area more than 100,000 years ago.

What makes this discovery so incredible is not only the excellent preservation of the skeleton but also the fact that this is the first near-complete bear specimen ever found in Europe. The Lioness of Altamura, as it has come to be called, allows scientists a unique opportunity to study the morphology and ecology of an ancient cave bear.

The process of extracting the skeleton from the cave was a challenging and delicate endeavor. Due to the narrow access points, the team couldn’t remove the entire skeleton, but instead had to dismantle it underground and transport the pieces to the surface one by one. It took several years of meticulous work to bring the fragments together and reconstruct the skeleton of the Lioness of Altamura.

Now displayed in the Civic Museum of Altamura, the Lioness is undoubtedly the town’s most precious jewel. Visitors from around the world flock to witness this rare glimpse into prehistoric times. The museum offers an educational and immersive experience, showcasing not only the skeleton but also a recreation of the ancient cave environment.

Beyond the significance for paleontology, the discovery of the Lioness of Altamura has shed light on the human history of Puglia. The presence of bear remains in a cave suggests that early humans were using these caverns for shelter during the period when the bear was alive. The bones also reveal marks made by tools, indicating that our ancestors utilized the bear for their subsistence.

In recent years, the story of the Lioness has expanded beyond Altamura itself. The discovery has sparked interest in scientific communities worldwide, leading to dynamic collaborations with renowned researchers. These collaborations aim to unlock new information about the region’s ancient ecosystems and the interactions between humans and the cave bears.

Moreover, the Lioness has become a symbol of the region’s commitment to preserving its natural and historic heritage. Puglia, already renowned for its stunning coastal landscapes and rich cultural history, now possesses a unique paleontological attraction that offers both locals and tourists a deeper appreciation for the area’s ancient past.

The Lioness of Altamura stands as a testament to the remarkable diversity of life on Earth over thousands of years. It reminds us of our deep connection with the natural world and the importance of preserving our planet’s natural wonders. As we uncover the secrets of Altamura’s ancient inhabitants, we gain a profound understanding of our own existence, while fostering a sense of wonder for the world that came before us.