Title: Reasons for D'Annunzio's Euthanasia: the Removal of Two Ribs Introduction: Euthanasia is an ethically complex topic, raising debates surrounding a person's right to die and the limits of medical intervention. One historical case that has stood out in this regard is the euthanasia of Italian poet and writer, Gabriele D'Annunzio, who chose to undergo the removal of two ribs to alleviate his pain and suffering. This article aims to explore the reasons behind D'Annunzio's drastic decision, shedding light on the circumstances that led him to pursue this controversial treatment. Background: Gabriele D'Annunzio, born on March 12, 1863, was one of Italy's most renowned literary figures. Recognized for his profound contributions to Italian literature, D'Annunzio lived a life of opulence and indulgence, embracing sensuality and artistic expression. However, in the final years of his life, he found himself in constant agony due to severe neuralgia (nerve pain) in his side. Pain Management vs. Euthanasia: When faced with chronic pain, individuals typically seek pain management techniques to alleviate their suffering. Gabriele D'Annunzio, an admirer of living life to the fullest, had exhausted various pain management methods, including traditional medications and alternative therapies. However, his pain remained persistent and increasingly debilitating, leaving him with diminished quality of life. Desperate for a solution, D'Annunzio turned to the controversial idea of euthanasia. He believed that by removing two of his ribs, his nerve pain would cease, freeing him from his daily torment. The poet's desire for autonomy over his own body led him to make a decision that society deemed shocking and radical. Seeking Relief Through Rib Removal: The decision to undergo rib removal was derived from D'Annunzio's extensive research and consultation with medical professionals. Though unconventional, medical records of the time indicated that rib resection had been considered as a viable option for pain management in certain cases of neuralgia. D'Annunzio's determination to find relief led him to a surgeon who agreed to perform the procedure. D'Annunzio's Euthanasia Procedure: On October 30, 1921, at the age of 58, Gabriele D'Annunzio underwent the highly controversial rib removal procedure. The operation, performed by Dr. Giuseppi Moscati, entailed the extraction of the sixth and seventh ribs from his right side. With the surgery's successful completion, D'Annunzio's hopes were high that his chronic pain would be alleviated for good. Controversial Reaction and Legacy: The news of D'Annunzio's euthanasia procedure spread rapidly, garnering both praise and condemnation from various corners of society. While some applauded his determination to free himself from pain, others criticized him for what they perceived as a disrespect for human life. The wider discussion surrounding euthanasia and patient autonomy was intensified by D'Annunzio's decision, opening the door for further debate on the ethical aspects of end-of-life decisions. Sadly, it is worth noting that the rib removal procedure did not bring the desired relief to D'Annunzio's neuralgia. Despite the controversy surrounding his decision, the poet was left disillusioned and in agony until his death on March 1, 1938. Conclusion: Gabriele D'Annunzio's decision to pursue euthanasia through rib removal sheds light on the complex nature of end-of-life choices. Driven by relentless pain, the poet's frustration with traditional pain management methods led him to seek alternative solutions. While his decision remains a subject for debate, it highlights the significance of respecting individuals' autonomy and their right to choose a dignified end to suffering. The legacy of D'Annunzio's euthanasia procedure serves as a catalyst for a deeper societal conversation on the ethics surrounding end-of-life decisions, encouraging greater empathy and understanding for those facing chronic pain and affliction.