How Stephen Hawking Became Paralyzed - An Overview

How Stephen Hawking Became Paralyzed - An Overview Stephen Hawking, the brilliant theoretical physicist, became one of the most renowned scientists of our time despite being diagnosed with a debilitating disease known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) when he was just 21 years old. This article aims to provide an overview of how Hawking became paralyzed and how he managed to overcome his physical limitations to continue making groundbreaking contributions to the field of physics. In 1963, while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge, Hawking began experiencing difficulties with his coordination and fell several times. Concerned, he went to see a doctor and underwent various tests, leading to a devastating diagnosis of ALS, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, ultimately leading to paralysis. Initially, doctors estimated that Hawking would have only a few years to live. This news understandably plunged him into a deep sense of despair. However, instead of giving in to hopelessness, he decided to make the most of his remaining time, focusing his energy on his studies and research. As the disease progressed, Hawking gradually lost control over his limbs, making simple tasks like writing and walking increasingly challenging. Eventually, he became completely paralyzed and was confined to a wheelchair. In order to communicate, he relied on a computer-based speech synthesizer system, which he controlled using small movements of his cheek muscles. Despite the physical limitations imposed upon him by his condition, Hawking's intellectual capabilities remained intact. He continued to pursue his research in theoretical physics, specializing in studying the nature of black holes and the origins of the universe. He developed groundbreaking theories, such as Hawking radiation, which suggested that black holes are not entirely black but emit small amounts of radiation. Hawking's fame grew exponentially with time, not only for his scientific achievements but also due to his exceptional ability to communicate complex scientific concepts to the general public. His best-selling book, "A Brief History of Time," became a worldwide sensation, selling millions of copies and further establishing his status as a prominent scientific figure. Throughout his life, Hawking faced numerous health challenges due to the progression of ALS. He required round-the-clock care and relied on a team of medical professionals to support his basic needs. However, his determination to continue his work and unravel the mysteries of the universe remained undeterred. In 2009, Hawking received a groundbreaking technology known as the NeuroSwitch, which allowed him to communicate more efficiently by detecting his brain activity and translating it into commands for his computer. This advancement significantly increased his communication speed and gave him more independence. Stephen Hawking passed away on March 14, 2018, at the age of 76. Despite his physical paralysis, his mind soared beyond the limitations of his body, and his contributions to science will be remembered for generations to come. Stephen Hawking's journey from a young physics student to a paralyzed scientific icon serves as an inspiring example of the indomitable human spirit. Despite facing immense physical challenges, he persevered with unwavering determination and defied all odds to revolutionize our understanding of the universe. His legacy will continue to inspire future generations of scientists and individuals battling against adversity.