It refers to the famous dwellings carved into the limestone rock of the famous Sassi of Matera, in Puglia

The Marvelous Sassi of Matera: Ancient Dwellings Carved into Limestone Rock Nestled in the southern region of Puglia, Italy, lies a hidden gem that has captured the hearts of many - the Sassi of Matera. This unique UNESCO World Heritage site refers to the famous dwellings carved into the limestone rock that stretches across the city of Matera. The Sassi tell a fascinating story of human resilience, innovation, and a rich cultural history that stretches back thousands of years. The history of the Sassi dates back to prehistoric times. The region of Matera has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world. The natural formation of the limestone caves and ravines provided shelter for early human settlements. Over time, these caves were transformed into elaborate dwellings, churches, and even monasteries. The Sassi are divided into two main districts - Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano. These districts are a testament to the ingenuity of the inhabitants who ingeniously carved out their habitat from the soft rock. The buildings in Sasso Caveoso are characterized by their dilapidated façades and cave-like dwellings, while Sasso Barisano features a more modernized and fortified appearance. For centuries, the Sassi remained a symbol of poverty and underdevelopment. The harsh living conditions, lack of proper sanitation, and poverty-stricken inhabitants led to Matera being known as the "shame of Italy" in the mid-20th century. However, the tides of change began to turn in the 1950s when the Italian government recognized the historical and cultural significance of the Sassi and launched a restoration and rehabilitation program. Since then, the Sassi of Matera have undergone a remarkable transformation. The dilapidated dwellings were restored to their former glory, and today, they stand as a shining example of architectural and historical preservation. The restoration efforts were carried out with great care and precision, maintaining the original charm and character of the Sassi while ensuring their structural stability. Exploring the Sassi is like stepping back in time. Narrow and winding alleys take you through a labyrinth of stone houses, ancient churches, and rock-cut caves. The unique architecture of the dwellings is a testament to the resourcefulness of the first Sassi inhabitants. The interconnected maze of alleys and staircases creates a sense of awe and wonder, leaving visitors captivated by the sheer beauty and historic significance of the site. The Sassi of Matera have not only become a popular tourist attraction but have also served as a backdrop for numerous films, earning it the nickname "the second Bethlehem." Its surreal atmosphere and cinematic appeal have attracted filmmakers from around the world to capture its otherworldly charm on screen. Movies such as "The Passion of the Christ" and "Wonder Woman" have showcased the enchanting beauty of the Sassi to a global audience. Today, the Sassi of Matera are a thriving cultural hub. The ancient caves have been repurposed into hotels, restaurants, shops, and art galleries. Visitors can immerse themselves in the rich history and heritage of Matera by exploring the numerous museums and cultural events that take place throughout the year. The Sassi of Matera are not just an architectural marvel but also a testament to the resilience and determination of the people who once called these caves home. It is a reminder of our ability to adapt and thrive even in the most challenging circumstances. As you wander through the narrow alleys, let the grandeur of the Sassi engulf you and transport you to a time long ago, where human ingenuity and the sheer power of nature created something truly extraordinary.