What First Responders Should Do During a Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate action. As first responders, being well-prepared and knowledgeable about the correct steps to take during a cardiac arrest can significantly increase a person’s chances of survival. In this article, we will discuss what first responders should do during a cardiac arrest.

First and foremost, it is crucial for first responders to quickly assess the situation and confirm if the person is experiencing a cardiac arrest. The easiest way to identify a cardiac arrest is by checking for responsiveness and breathing. If the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, it is likely cardiac arrest. In such cases, the first responder should immediately activate the emergency response system by calling the local emergency number.

After initiating the emergency response system, the first responder should begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) right away. CPR involves providing chest compressions and rescue breaths to help maintain blood circulation and oxygenation. The American Heart Association recommends starting CPR with high-quality chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Each compression should be at least two inches deep and followed by allowing the chest to fully recoil. Rescue breaths can be given after every 30 compressions, with each breath lasting about one second.

While performing CPR, it is essential to ensure the person’s airway is open and free from any obstruction. Therefore, first responders should also provide necessary manual airway maneuvers, such as the head-tilt chin-lift or jaw-thrust technique if there is a possibility of any spinal injury. These techniques help open the airway and allow the passage of air during rescue breaths.

Another essential step for first responders during a cardiac arrest is to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available. AEDs are portable devices that analyze the heart’s rhythm and provide an electric shock if needed. These devices are user-friendly and provide step-by-step voice prompts to guide first responders through the process. Applying the AED’s electrode pads and following its instructions can significantly increase the chances of restoring the person’s normal heart rhythm.

If the person remains in cardiac arrest despite CPR and AED use, first responders should continue providing high-quality CPR until the arrival of advanced medical help. Advanced life support, including medications and advanced airway management, can only be provided by healthcare professionals. Therefore, first responders must be diligent in their CPR efforts and ensure a seamless transition of care to the arriving medical team.

It is also essential for first responders to stay calm and focused during a cardiac arrest situation. The immediate care they provide can have a life-saving impact. Remaining confident in their abilities, following the correct steps, and seeking assistance when needed are all crucial aspects of effective first response.

Lastly, ongoing training and regular updates are vital for first responders. As medical guidelines and procedures continue to evolve, it is crucial for first responders to stay up-to-date with the latest advancements. By participating in regular training sessions and staying informed, first responders can ensure they are well-prepared to handle any cardiac arrest situation that comes their way.

In conclusion, first responders play a critical role in saving lives during a cardiac arrest. Quick evaluation, initiating CPR, using an AED, and maintaining composure are essential steps for effective first response. Ongoing training and staying updated with advancements in resuscitation techniques are equally important. By being well-prepared and knowledgeable, first responders can significantly increase a person’s chances of surviving a cardiac arrest.