What does the cicada do that causes its chirping

The incessant chirping of cicadas is a sound that has long been associated with the hot summer months. Whether you find it soothing or annoying, there is no denying that these tiny insects produce a loud and distinctive noise. But have you ever wondered what exactly the cicada does to create its chirping song?

First and foremost, it’s important to note that not all cicadas produce the same sound. Male cicadas are the ones responsible for the chirping, using it as a means of attracting females for mating. Different species of cicadas have distinct chirping patterns and sounds, ranging from high-pitched trills to rhythmic buzzing.

So, how do male cicadas create such loud noises? The answer lies in their unique anatomy. Unlike most insects, cicadas possess a specialized structure known as a tymbal. Located on either side of their abdomen, the tymbal consists of two ribbed membranes that can be rapidly vibrated. By contracting and expanding these membranes, the cicada is able to produce vibrations that resonate and amplify within their hollow body.

To activate the tymbal, the male cicada contracts specific muscles attached to it. As the muscles relax, the tymbal snaps back to its original position, producing a click-like sound. The cicada then continues this motion rapidly, creating a string of clicks that blends together to form their characteristic chirping song.

While this mechanism explains how cicadas produce sound, their method of amplification is equally fascinating. The hollow body cavity of the cicada acts as a resonating chamber, enhancing the sound produced by the tymbal. This amplification allows the cicada’s song to travel through the environment and be heard over long distances.

The frequency and tone of the cicada’s chirping song are influenced by several factors. One crucial aspect is the contraction rate of the muscles that control the tymbal. The faster the muscle contractions, the higher-pitched the sound. Additionally, different species of cicadas have evolved unique tymbal structures, resulting in a wide range of chirping patterns.

Interestingly, the temperature also plays a role in the cicada’s singing habits. The activity of cicadas and their chirping increases with rising temperatures. This is because the cicada’s muscles responsible for chirping function optimally in warm conditions. However, extreme heat can also hinder their ability to chirp, as the tymbal membranes can dry out and become less flexible.

It is important to note that the sole purpose of the male cicada’s chirping is to attract a mate. The unique sounds they produce act as a signal to females, indicating their presence and fitness as potential partners. Female cicadas, on the other hand, do not possess tymbals and are therefore unable to chirp.

In conclusion, the cicada’s distinctive chirping song is a result of the complex mechanism involving their tymbal and resonating body cavity. Male cicadas use this sound to attract females for mating purposes. The specific pitch and rhythm of the cicada’s chirping are influenced by muscle contractions, species variations, and environmental factors. So, the next time you hear the familiar sound of cicadas on a hot summer day, you can appreciate the intricate process behind their melodious song.