Transaminases are enzymes found in various tissues, including the liver, heart, and skeletal muscles. They play a crucial role in the body’s metabolism by facilitating the conversion of amino acids.

There are two primary types of transaminases commonly measured in medical tests:

  • Aspartate transaminase (AST), also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
  • Alanine transaminase (ALT), also referred to as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

Why are Transaminase Levels Tested?

Transaminase levels are frequently measured through blood tests to evaluate liver function and diagnose or monitor various medical conditions. Some common reasons for testing transaminase levels include:

  • Assessing liver health
  • Diagnosing liver diseases like hepatitis or cirrhosis
  • Monitoring the progress of liver disease treatment
  • Checking for potential liver damage caused by medications or alcohol

What are the Normal Range of Transaminase Levels?

The normal values for transaminases can vary slightly between different laboratories or testing facilities. However, the following ranges are generally considered normal for adults:

  • ALT (SGPT): 7-55 units per liter (U/L)
  • AST (SGOT): 8-48 U/L

It’s important to note that these ranges may not be applicable to children or individuals with certain underlying medical conditions. Always consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate interpretation of your test results.

What do Abnormal Transaminase Levels Indicate?

Elevated transaminase levels, referred to as transaminitis, may suggest potential liver damage or disease. Abnormal transaminase levels can be caused by various factors including:

  • Liver inflammation or injury
  • Hepatitis (viral or autoimmune)
  • Cirrhosis
  • Alcoholic liver disease
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Drug-induced hepatotoxicity
  • Toxic liver injury
  • Liver tumors or cancer

In some cases, other factors such as muscle injury, strenuous exercise, or certain medications can also contribute to abnormal transaminase levels.

Monitoring transaminase levels through blood tests can provide valuable insights into the state of liver health. Understanding the normal ranges of transaminases and interpreting any abnormal results is crucial in diagnosing and managing potential liver diseases. If you suspect liver-related issues, consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

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