What are the causes of the noise produced by cicadas

Have you ever wondered why a summer day is often accompanied by the bewildering chorus of cicadas? These small insects, known for their distinctive buzzing sound, have intrigued scientists and nature enthusiasts for centuries. The noise produced by cicadas is a result of various factors that contribute to their unique calling behavior. In this article, we will explore the causes behind the captivating sounds of cicadas.

Cicadas belong to the family Cicadidae, and there are thousands of species found worldwide. The primary purpose of the noise produced by male cicadas is to attract females for mating. The sounds serve as a means of communication, allowing individuals of the same species to locate and connect with each other.

The most common and recognizable sound produced by cicadas is a high-pitched buzzing or whirring noise. This sound is generated by the rapid vibration of specialized membranes, known as tymbals, found on the sides of the abdomen of mature male cicadas. The tymbals consist of a series of ribs that can be tensed and released rapidly by muscles controlled by the cicada’s nervous system. These vibrations, occurring at an astounding rate of up to 400 times per second, produce the signature sound associated with cicadas.

The volume and pattern of the cicada’s call can vary between species. Some cicadas emit consistent, monotonous buzzing, while others produce more intricate songs with varying patterns and rhythms. These distinct calls are thought to help distinguish between species and enable females to identify potential mates.

While the primary function of the cicada’s noise is reproductive, there are other factors that contribute to the sound production. One such factor is temperature. Cicadas are ectothermic creatures, meaning their body temperature depends on their surrounding environment. They are most active in warm, sunny conditions, when the temperature is favorable for their metabolism. The activity of cicadas is directly proportional to temperature, and they tend to be more active during the hottest parts of the day. As the temperature rises, so does their metabolic rate, leading to increased calling and noise production.

Another factor that affects the noise produced by cicadas is the density of their population. When cicadas congregate in large numbers, their chorus can create an orchestra-like ambiance. This collective noise can play a role in deterring predators or attracting potential mates from a greater distance. The synchronized chorus formed by a congregation of cicadas creates a harmonic resonance that is difficult to ignore.

It’s interesting to note that not all cicadas produce audible sounds. Some species have adapted to remain silent or produce only very faint noises. These cicadas rely on visual cues and chemical signals to attract mates, as opposed to relying solely on acoustic communication.

In conclusion, the noise produced by cicadas is a fascinating phenomenon that serves multiple purposes for these creatures. From attracting mates to signaling favorable environmental conditions, their calling behavior is intricately linked to their biology and survival. Next time you hear the enchanting chorus of cicadas on a summer day, you can appreciate the scientific explanations behind their captivating noise.