Stomatitis is a painful inflammation of the mucous membranes in your mouth. It can make activities like eating, speaking, and swallowing difficult and uncomfortable. This condition can be caused by various factors, which we will explore in this blog post.

What are the Causes of Stomatitis?

1. Viral Infections

Viruses, such as the herpes simplex virus (HSV), can cause stomatitis. HSV type 1 usually causes cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth, but it can also lead to stomatitis. Additionally, the Coxsackievirus, which is responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease, can also cause stomatitis.

2. Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections can also be culprits behind stomatitis. In some cases, a streptococcus bacteria called “strep” can infect the mouth and cause this condition. Poor oral hygiene, such as not brushing or flossing regularly, can increase the risk of bacterial infections.

3. Fungal Infections

Fungal infections, particularly Candida albicans (oral thrush), are a common cause of stomatitis. It can occur in individuals with weakened immune systems, those taking antibiotics or corticosteroids, or people who wear dentures that are not properly cleaned.

4. Irritants and Allergies

Exposure to certain irritants or allergens can trigger stomatitis. These include certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chemotherapy drugs, and even common oral care products like toothpaste or mouthwash. Some people may also be allergic to specific foods, which can lead to stomatitis.

5. Nutritional Deficiencies

Inadequate intake of essential nutrients, such as vitamin B12, iron, or folic acid, can result in stomatitis. These deficiencies weaken the immune system and impair the body’s ability to maintain healthy oral tissues, making them more vulnerable to inflammation and infection.

6. Trauma or Injury

Accidental trauma to the mouth, such as biting the inside of your cheek, using a toothbrush with hard bristles, or dental procedures that irritate the oral tissues, can cause stomatitis. Additionally, thermal burns from consuming excessively hot food or beverages may also result in this condition.

7. Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases like lupus, Crohn’s disease, or Behcet’s disease can cause stomatitis. These conditions cause the immune system to mistakenly attack healthy cells in the body, including the oral mucous membranes.

Stomatitis can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from viral and bacterial infections to allergies, nutritional deficiencies, trauma, and autoimmune diseases. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for successful treatment and prevention of future recurrences. If you suspect you have stomatitis, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate course of action.

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