When it comes to cancer treatment, there are various options available. One of the most common and effective treatments is radiotherapy. But have you ever wondered how does oncologic radiotherapy work? In this blog post, we will delve into the basics of oncologic radiotherapy and understand its mechanism of action.

What is Oncologic Radiotherapy?

Oncologic radiotherapy, also known as radiation therapy, is a medical procedure that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It can be used as a standalone treatment or combined with other therapies such as surgery or chemotherapy.

How Does it Work?

Oncologic radiotherapy works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, making it difficult for them to replicate and grow. The radiation disrupts the genetic material within the cancer cells, leading to their death.

This treatment targets the tumor directly and can be administered externally or internally. External beam radiation therapy involves directing radiation from an external machine towards the tumor site. On the other hand, internal radiation therapy, also called brachytherapy, involves placing a radioactive material close to the tumor or within the patient’s body.

What Happens During the Treatment?

Prior to the treatment, a radiation oncologist will carefully plan the procedure. They will determine the optimal radiation dose and the geometry or shape of the radiation beams to ensure precise targeting while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

During the treatment sessions, the patient lies on a treatment table while the radiation machine moves around them, delivering radiation beams from different angles. The patient may be repositioned or immobilized to maintain accuracy during the treatment.

Is Radiation Therapy Painful?

No, radiation therapy itself is painless. However, some patients may experience minor discomfort or side effects, depending on the area being treated. These side effects can include fatigue, skin reactions, hair loss, and temporary changes in bowel habits or urinary function.

How Long is the Treatment?

The duration of radiotherapy treatment depends on various factors, such as the type and stage of cancer. Treatment can range from a few weeks to several months, with sessions usually scheduled daily from Monday to Friday.

Oncologic radiotherapy is a vital component of cancer treatment, offering targeted destruction of cancer cells. By understanding the basics of how it works, we can appreciate the power of this therapy and its role in fighting cancer. If you or a loved one are going through radiation therapy, it’s important to discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider for a better understanding of your specific situation.

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