What is Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is naturally produced by your body and found in certain foods. It’s necessary for the production of hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help digest food. However, having high levels of cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease and other health problems.
What are the Different Types of Cholesterol?
There are two main types of cholesterol:
- Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol: Often referred to as “bad” cholesterol, LDL cholesterol can build up in your arteries and form plaques that restrict blood flow.
- High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol: Known as “good” cholesterol, HDL cholesterol helps remove LDL cholesterol from your arteries and carries it back to your liver for disposal.
How is Cholesterol Measured?
Cholesterol levels are measured using a blood test called a lipid panel. This test provides information about your total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The results are typically reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood.
What is Considered High Cholesterol?
The American Heart Association provides general guidelines for healthy cholesterol levels:
- Total Cholesterol:
- Desirable: Less than 200 mg/dL
- Borderline high: 200-239 mg/dL
- High: 240 mg/dL or higher
- LDL Cholesterol:
- Optimal: Less than 100 mg/dL
- Near optimal/above optimal: 100-129 mg/dL
- Borderline high: 130-159 mg/dL
- High: 160-189 mg/dL
- Very high: 190 mg/dL or higher
- HDL Cholesterol:
- Low: Less than 40 mg/dL
- High: 60 mg/dL or higher
What Should You Do If Your Cholesterol is Elevated?
If your cholesterol levels are higher than the recommended ranges, it’s essential to take action to improve your cardiovascular health. Here are a few steps you can take:
- Adjust your diet: Incorporate more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your meals. Avoid foods high in saturated and trans fats.
- Exercise regularly: Engage in aerobic activities like walking, jogging, or cycling for at least 150 minutes per week.
- Quit smoking: Smoking can worsen cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease.
- Manage your weight: Losing excess weight can help improve cholesterol levels.
- Discuss medication options with your doctor: In some cases, lifestyle changes alone may not be sufficient, and medication might be necessary to control cholesterol levels.
Understanding your cholesterol levels is crucial for maintaining good heart health. By knowing the different types of cholesterol, how cholesterol is measured, and what levels are considered high, you can take appropriate steps toward improving your cholesterol levels. Remember that a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco are key components of managing cholesterol levels. If you have concerns about your cholesterol, consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.