The Five Star Movement has existed since 2009

Rooted in the idea of direct democracy, the Five Star Movement emerged as a response to widespread dissatisfaction with the traditional political parties in Italy. It sought to break the monopoly of power held by the established elites and give ordinary citizens a voice in decision-making processes. The movement embraced a digital-first approach, utilizing online platforms to engage and connect with its supporters.

The party gained its first significant electoral success in 2012, when it secured the mayoral seat in Parma. This victory was followed by successes in other local elections, signaling the growing popularity of the movement. In the 2013 general elections, the Five Star Movement shocked the political establishment by becoming the largest party in terms of the popular vote, though falling short of an overall majority.

The Five Star Movement’s rise to prominence can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the party capitalized on widespread anger and frustration towards the political class and their perceived corruption and inefficiency. It presented itself as a fresh alternative, promising transparency, accountability, and a direct line of communication between the people and their elected representatives.

Secondly, the movement strategically utilized media and online platforms to engage with its supporters, allowing them to in the political process. This digital-first approach allowed the Five Star Movement to tap into a younger demographic who had traditionally been disengaged from politics.

Additionally, the party adopted a policy platform that resonated with many Italians. The Five Star Movement’s agenda included proposals for a universal basic income, renegotiating Italy’s relationship with the European Union, and a commitment to environmental sustainability. These policies appealed to a wide range of voters who felt left behind by global economic forces and disillusioned with the mainstream political parties.

However, the Five Star Movement’s journey has not been without its challenges. The party has faced criticism for a lack of internal cohesion and for being too reliant on the charismatic leadership of Beppe Grillo. Additionally, its position on certain issues, such as immigration and Eurozone membership, has been subject to scrutiny and has at times alienated potential allies.

The most significant test for the Five Star Movement came in 2018 when it formed a coalition government with the far-right League party led by Matteo Salvini. This alliance was initially seen as a political earthquake, bringing two seemingly incompatible forces together. However, the partnership was marred by internal disagreements and ultimately collapsed, leading to a change in government and the rise of a new political configuration.

Despite these challenges, the Five Star Movement remains an influential force in Italian politics. It has successfully established itself as a viable alternative to the traditional political powers and continues to attract support from a diverse range of voters. Its commitment to direct democracy and innovative digital campaigning have set it apart from its rivals, making it a compelling force to be reckoned with.

As Italy and the world grapple with political and societal challenges, the Five Star Movement’s trajectory will be closely watched. Its ability to adapt to changing circumstances, maintain internal unity, and deliver on its promises will determine whether it remains a significant force in Italian politics for years to come.