Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that develops from squamous cells, which are flat cells found on the surface of the skin. It is the second most common form of skin cancer, accounting for about 20% of all cases. Understanding the signs, symptoms, and treatment options for SCC is crucial for early detection and effective management of this condition.

The most common sign of SCC is the appearance of a firm, red nodule on the skin. It may initially resemble a pimple or a wart, but it tends to grow rapidly over time. SCC can also manifest as a scaly patch, crusty sore, or thickened, rough, or wart-like growth. These lesions usually develop on areas of the body that are regularly exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, hands, and forearms. However, SCC can also occur on other areas of the body, including the genitals, anus, and inside the mouth.

Other symptoms that may accompany SCC include tenderness or pain in the affected area, persistent itching, or bleeding. If you notice any of these signs or changes in your skin, it is important to consult a dermatologist who can evaluate your condition and provide appropriate care.

The main risk factor for the development of SCC is excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Prolonged exposure to sunlight without adequate protection, use of tanning beds, and frequent outdoor activities can increase the risk of developing SCC. Additionally, individuals with fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes, as well as those with a weakened immune system, a history of previous skin cancer, or certain genetic conditions, are at an elevated risk.

When SCC is suspected, a dermatologist may perform a skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. This involves removing a sample of the suspicious skin lesion and sending it for laboratory analysis. Once diagnosed, treatment options for SCC depend on various factors including the size, location, and extent of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health.

For small or superficial SCCs, treatment may involve simple procedures such as freezing (cryotherapy), scraping (curettage), or applying topical medications. These methods are usually effective for removing the cancerous cells and preventing further growth.

In cases where SCC is more advanced or has spread to nearby lymph nodes, more aggressive interventions may be necessary. Surgical excision involves removing the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure complete removal. For cases where surgery is not possible, radiation therapy or topical chemotherapy creams may be used to target and destroy the cancer cells.

Prevention is key in managing SCC. Protecting the skin from excessive sun exposure by using sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF), wearing protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats and long-sleeved shirts, and seeking shade during peak sun hours can significantly reduce the risk of developing SCC. It is also important to perform regular self-examinations of the skin, looking for any new growths or changes in existing moles or lesions, and promptly seeking medical attention if anything suspicious is found.

In conclusion, Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a common form of skin cancer that can have serious implications if left untreated. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of SCC, as well as adopting preventive measures, can play a vital role in early detection and effective treatment. Regular visits to a dermatologist and adherence to recommended sun protection practices are crucial for maintaining healthy skin and minimizing the risk of developing SCC.