Signs and Symptoms of Pyloric Stenosis

Pyloric stenosis is a relatively common condition that affects infants, typically between the ages of 2 and 8 weeks. It occurs when the muscle at the lower end of the stomach, known as the pylorus, thickens and blocks the passage of food into the small intestine. This blockage can result in several signs and symptoms that parents should be aware of to seek medical attention promptly.

One of the primary symptoms of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting. Infants with this condition often vomit forcefully, with the vomit shooting out in a high arc. This is due to the blockage that prevents food from passing through the stomach and leads to an accumulation of milk or formula, causing the pressure build-up and forceful expulsion.

Alongside vomiting, affected babies may also display signs of dehydration. Due to the frequent loss of fluids through vomiting, they may become progressively more irritable, lethargic, and have a reduced number of wet diapers. Paying close attention to these signs is crucial as dehydration can quickly become a serious concern, particularly in young infants.

Another crucial symptom to watch out for is weight loss or poor weight gain. Infants with pyloric stenosis often struggle to keep food down, leading to inadequate nutrition intake and subsequent weight loss. Parents should track their baby’s growth and consult a healthcare professional if they notice any concerning deviations from the expected weight gain curve.

In addition to the physical signs, there are also behavioral indicators of pyloric stenosis. Babies may become increasingly fussy during feeding, arching their backs and showing signs of discomfort or pain. They may also display hunger cues shortly after feeding, as the blocked pylorus prevents adequate food passage, and the baby still feels hungry. This cycle of hunger, feeding, and vomiting can be distressing for both the infant and parents.

If left untreated, pyloric stenosis can lead to more severe complications. Electrolyte imbalances may occur due to persistent vomiting and dehydration, resulting in imbalances in sodium and potassium levels in the body. This can cause irritability, weakness, and even abnormal heart rhythms. It is essential to seek medical attention promptly if these symptoms are present.

Diagnosing pyloric stenosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional. They may palpate the baby’s abdomen and detect a lump or mass on the right side, which is the thickened pyloric muscle. An ultrasound may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the blockage.

The treatment for pyloric stenosis is a surgical procedure known as a pyloromyotomy. It involves making a small incision in the thickened muscle, which allows food to pass freely into the small intestine. This surgery is considered safe and is highly effective in relieving the symptoms of pyloric stenosis.

In conclusion, recognizing the signs and symptoms of pyloric stenosis in infants is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention. Projectile vomiting, dehydration, weight loss or poor weight gain, fussiness during feeding, and persistent hunger cues are all indicators of this condition. Prompt medical attention is necessary to prevent complications and ensure infants receive appropriate treatment. If parents notice any concerning signs or symptoms, they should consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.