Florence, the capital city of the picturesque region of Tuscany in Italy, is known for its rich cultural heritage, exquisite art, and architectural marvels. However, there is something else that makes Florence unique and adds to its charm – the historic Florentine football, known as “calcio storico.”

Calcio storico, which translates to “historic football” in English, is a traditional sport that originated in Florence during the 16th century. It is a highly physical and intense game that combines elements of soccer, rugby, and wrestling. The sport is played annually in Florence’s Piazza Santa Croce, in celebration of the city’s patron saint, St. John the Baptist.

The game is played between four teams, representing different historical neighborhoods of Florence: Santa Croce (blue), Santa Maria Novella (red), Santo Spirito (white), and San Giovanni (green). Each team consists of 27 players, and the objective is simple – to score goals by kicking the ball into the opposing team’s net.

However, calcio storico comes with a set of unique and intriguing rules that make it different from any other sport. Let’s explore some of the rules that govern this historic game.

1. No holds barred: Calcio storico is a physically demanding sport, and the players are allowed to use any means necessary to win. This includes punching, kicking, wrestling, and even choking opponents. The only restriction is that attacking an opponent from behind is not allowed.

2. No substitutions: Unlike most modern sports, there are no substitutions allowed in calcio storico. Once a player is injured or exhausted, the team has to continue with one less player until the end of the game.

3. Goalkeepers are key: Each team has four goalkeepers, whose primary objective is to protect the net. They have the daunting task of defending a goal that stretches the width of the field. The goalkeeper can use hands, feet, or even his entire body to block shots.

4. Timeless quarters: A calcio storico game comprises four quarters, and each quarter lasts for 15 minutes. However, there is no specified time limit for each quarter, and the game can go on until a team scores six goals or until the referees decide to end it.

5. Sudden death: In the event of a tie at the end of the four quarters, there is no extra time or penalty shootouts. Instead, the game proceeds to a sudden-death phase, where the first team to score a goal is declared the winner.

6. Referees and enfolding justice: Calcio storico is notorious for its strict refereeing. The game has six referees, known as “collaterali,” who ensure fair play and enforce the rules. Players who violate the rules can be penalized with yellow or red cards, leading to temporary or permanent expulsions from the game.

7. Spirit of camaraderie: Despite the aggressive nature of the game, calcio storico promotes a spirit of camaraderie and respect among players. There is a sense of loyalty and pride attached to representing their historical quarters, and players often continue to participate year after year.

Calcio storico, with its ancient roots and unique set of rules, is not just a game but an embodiment of Florentine culture and history. It is a testament to the city’s resilience, strength, and passion. So, the next time you visit Florence, make sure to witness this historic spectacle that will transport you back in time, and maybe even inspire you to kick a ball like never before.

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