Origins of Matera, Italy

Nestled in the Basilicata region in southern Italy, the ancient city of Matera is unlike anything you have ever seen. Famous for its extraordinary troglodyte dwellings carved into the rock, Matera’s history dates back over 9,000 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. This captivating destination has recently gained international recognition, with its Sassi district being designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993, attracting curious travelers seeking a glimpse into the fascinating origins of Matera.

The story of Matera begins in prehistoric times when the region was inhabited by prehistoric settlers. The caves provided natural shelters and protection from the elements, drawing people to settle and form communities within this unique terrain. These early inhabitants predominantly lived in the Murgia Plateau, a vast limestone plateau that surrounds Matera and offered a natural defense against invaders.

Over the centuries, the city continued to grow, and as the population expanded, they began to carve homes, churches, and various structures into the soft limestone rock. These intricate dwellings became known as the Sassi, a term that refers to the network of caves and rock-hewn structures that characterize the historic center of Matera. The evolution of Sassi spanned different historical periods, from the Paleolithic era to the Middle Ages, leaving behind a remarkable representation of human settlement and development.

The iconic Sassi district is divided into two sections known as Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano, each with its distinct charm. Sasso Caveoso, the oldest part, is characterized by its irregular, labyrinth-like streets, cave dwellings, and rock churches. In contrast, Sasso Barisano features a more ordered layout, with courtyards, balconies, and rock-carved facades. Exploring these intricate networks of streets and houses will transport you back in time, allowing you to imagine the lives of those who lived there through the ages.

Despite its historical significance, the Sassi district faced neglect and deterioration in the 20th century, leading to its designation as the “Shame of Italy.” Poverty and unsanitary living conditions became prevalent, forcing authorities to relocate the population in the 1950s. However, dedicated restoration efforts in recent decades have revived the area and transformed Matera into a charming and thriving tourist destination.

Matera’s ancient charm has also attracted filmmakers, with its unique landscape serving as the backdrop for numerous movies, including Mel Gibson’s acclaimed production “The Passion of the Christ.” The enchanting aura of Matera’s Sassi district, devoid of modern structures, transports the audience back in time, adding authenticity and allure to cinematic productions.

Today, Matera has not only evolved as a popular tourist attraction but also as a cultural and artistic hub. The city hosts a range of cultural events, such as the annual “Matera Women’s Fiction Festival” and the “Festa della Bruna,” a religious festival celebrated with grand processions and fireworks. These events provide visitors with an immersive experience, combining ancient traditions with contemporary cultural festivities.

As you wander through the narrow, stone-carved lanes of Matera’s Sassi district, history will come alive before your very eyes. The origins of Matera offer a fascinating glimpse into the ancient world, reminding us of the ingenuity and adaptability of human civilization. This remarkable city has overcome challenges and risen from the ashes, celebrating its heritage while embracing the opportunities of the present. A journey to Matera promises an unforgettable experience, immersing you in a living museum where the echoes of the past whisper stories of humanity’s triumphs and tribulations.