Indian reservation

Indian reservations are lands set aside by the US government for Native American tribes to live on. The federal government recognized Indian lands as sovereign nations, giving them the right to govern according to their own laws and traditions. Indian reservations have a unique history, facing many challenges that have contributed to their current state. This article will explore the history, challenges and future of Indian reservations.

History of Indian Reservations

The creation of Indian reservations dates back to the 19th century, following the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands. The relocation was carried out through treaties, wars, and policy changes. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized the federal government to relocate tribes from their lands to reservations located in the western part of the United States.

The government signed treaties with the tribes, promising them education, healthcare, and other basic needs in exchange for their land. However, many of these treaties were not honored, and the promised amenities were not provided. The Indian Wars between the US military and different tribes also displaced many Native Americans from their land.

Challenges Facing Indian Reservations

Historically, Indian reservations have been plagued with poverty, inadequate infrastructure, poor housing, and limited access to healthcare and education. According to the 2010 Census Bureau, 28.4% of Native Americans live in poverty, compared to 15.1% for the general population. The median income for Native Americans is also lower than that of the rest of the population. These disparities are attributed to several factors, including discrimination, lack of economic opportunities, and insufficient funding from the government.

Additionally, Indian reservations often face a wide range of environmental and health issues. For instance, many reservations lack running water, proper sanitation, and electricity. This is not only a discomfort to the people living on reservations but also predisposes them to health risks. Increasingly, many reservations are also facing health issues such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer due to poor nutrition and a lack of access to healthcare.

Future of Indian Reservations

The future of Indian reservations is uncertain, but many tribes are making strides towards self-determination and independence. Through innovative programs and partnerships, tribes are building sustainable economies, improving health outcomes, and creating opportunities for their people.

One of the initiatives tribes have taken to strengthen their economies is the establishment of tribal enterprises. These enterprises include tourism, gaming, and natural resource conservation. They have provided employment opportunities for the Native American people and have brought revenue to the reservations. For example, the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community in Minnesota is a leader in gaming, and has created thousands of jobs for their people.

Additionally, some reservations have partnered with outside organizations to improve their infrastructure and access to health care. The Indian Health Service has collaborated with several tribes to improve healthcare infrastructure on reservations. The Service has built new facilities and renovated existing ones to meet the growing healthcare needs of the Native American people.

Conclusion

Indian reservations have come a long way since their establishment years ago. While they have faced many challenges throughout history, many tribes are working towards a brighter future. With innovative programs and partnerships, they have created employment opportunities, improved healthcare, and strengthened their economies. The future could be brighter for Native American tribes and their reservations if they continue to make strides towards self-determination and independence.