Ivory and bone share a lot in common in terms of appearance, texture, and usage. They both have been used in crafts and art for countless generations. But, due to the growing concern for animal conservation, it is now illegal to trade or sell ivory. Unfortunately, unscrupulous traders have found ways to sell fake ivory products or ivory substitutes such as bone, which can be problematic for collectors and buyers.

If you are looking to purchase an ivory artifact, it is essential to learn how to distinguish real ivory from fake ivory substitutes like bone. So, in this article, we will discuss how to distinguish ivory from bone.

Firstly, look at the color. Ivory is usually pale, off-white, or creamy-yellowish. It can have yellowish or brownish hues from aging or as a result of light exposure. But, over time, the ivory’s color does not usually change much. In contrast, bones tend to be lighter in color with a matte finish. Bones have a yellow-white hue that can range from dull white to a light grayish color.

Secondly, inspect the structure. Ivory is composed of dentine and enamel, which create a unique structure that looks like lines or a pattern of concentric circles. These lines are called Schreger lines, and they have a crisscrossed pattern at around 115 degrees angle. The spacing between the lines is usually wider in elephant ivory and narrower in mammoth ivory. The Schreger lines can be seen when looking directly into the surface of the ivory. In bones, there is no such structure, only a flat or bumpy surface.

Thirdly, observe the pores. Ivory has a particular feature called Schreger pores. These are small pores that run parallel to Schreger lines, and as in Schreger lines, they intersect at a distinct pattern of around 115 degrees. These pores are only visible in cross-sections of the ivory. The pores in bones are more random, up to 200 pores per square millimeter, which is much higher than in ivory.

Fourthly, inspect the weight. Ivory is significantly denser than bone, and this is attributed to the concentration of calcium in the dentin and enamel structure. Ivory will feel heavier than bone of the same size.

Fifthly, examine any carvings. Ivory can hold fine details, and it is a popular medium for carvings. Bone is much softer and more brittle than ivory, so the fine details that can be achieved in ivory may not be as crisp in bone.

Finally, authenticate with an expert. It is advisable to obtain advice and expertise from a knowledgeable appraiser or ivory expert. They can examine the characteristics of the ivory carefully and help determine its authenticity.

In conclusion, if you are looking to acquire ivory artifacts, it is crucial to learn how to distinguish ivory from bone. Knowledge of ivory’s color, structure, pores, weight, carving details, and expert authentication will aid you in your quest. Remember that the illegal trade of ivory can contribute to the continued poaching of elephants and the extinction of the species. Educate yourself and choose to buy ethically by supporting only ivory that comes from legal sources or choosing an alternative medium, such as resin or plastics, that does not contribute to animal exploitation.

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