How Robinson Crusoe Became the Symbol of the Middle Class

Robinson Crusoe, a novel written by Daniel Defoe in 1719, tells the gripping tale of a sailor marooned on a deserted island. Over time, this novel has come to symbolize not only courage and survival but also the rise of the middle class.

In the context of the story, Robinson Crusoe experiences a dramatic transformation from a helpless castaway to a self-reliant individual who perfects the art of survival. This narrative of personal growth and individual empowerment resonated strongly with the emerging middle class during the 18th century.

During this period, the old feudal system was gradually being replaced by a society with growing opportunities for upward mobility. This shift brought about a shift in values and aspirations among the middle class. They sought success through personal initiative, hard work, and resourcefulness, much like the protagonist in Robinson Crusoe.

Crusoe’s ability to adapt and overcome challenges spoke directly to the middle-class desire for independence and self-sufficiency. As readers, they saw themselves in Crusoe’s intelligence and ingenuity, relating to his innovative methods of survival and problem-solving. This resonated deeply with a middle class striving to separate themselves from the heavily hierarchical and dependent structures of the past.

Moreover, Robinson Crusoe can be seen as an allegory for capitalism, emphasizing the importance of individual enterprise and entrepreneurship. Crusoe’s efforts to establish a prosperous life on the island, including building shelters, cultivating crops, and domesticating animals, reflect the burgeoning capitalist ideals of the time.

Furthermore, the novel’s focus on discipline, frugality, and hard work aligns with the middle-class values that were becoming increasingly prevalent during the 18th century. Crusoe’s meticulous record-keeping, his emphasis on organizing and rationing supplies, and his commitment to a diligent work routine all paint him as an exemplary figure for the middle class.

Robinson Crusoe’s popularity among the middle class also stemmed from its critique of aristocratic extravagance and liberalism. While Crusoe labors relentlessly to secure his survival, he contrasts this with the wastefulness and recklessness he observes among the upper class. This critique resonated with the middle class as they sought to distance themselves from the aristocracy and establish their own values and norms.

The themes of self-reliance and hard work that Robinson Crusoe embodies helped legitimize the aspirations of the rising middle class. The novel became a symbol of their growing influence and served as a source of inspiration for those seeking to improve their social and economic standing. It signaled the beginning of a new era, where individualism and diligence would be rewarded.

In conclusion, Robinson Crusoe’s transformation from a castaway to a self-made individual became a powerful symbol for the rising middle class. The novel’s emphasis on personal agency, independence, and hard work resonated with the changing values and aspirations of a society undergoing a shift towards capitalism and a growing middle class. It not only served as an inspiration but also helped cement the middle class as a significant social group in the 18th century and beyond.