How is Dialysis Performed: An Overview of the Process

What is dialysis, and who requires it?

Dialysis is a medical procedure used to perform the functions of the kidneys when they fail to adequately filter waste and excess fluids from the bloodstream. It is primarily needed by individuals suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which can result from various conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or other kidney diseases.

What are the types of dialysis?

There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

How does hemodialysis work?

Hemodialysis involves using a machine called a dialyzer to filter the blood. The patient’s blood is pumped through the dialyzer, which contains tiny filters called membranes. The membranes act as artificial kidneys, removing waste, toxins, and excess fluids from the blood. The clean blood is then returned to the body.

How is hemodialysis performed?

To perform hemodialysis, the patient needs a minor surgery to create an access point for blood removal and return. This can be a fistula, which connects an artery and vein under the skin, or a graft, which uses a soft tube to connect the artery and vein. During the dialysis session, the patient is connected to the dialysis machine via this access point, and the blood flows through the machine for cleansing.

What is peritoneal dialysis?

Peritoneal dialysis involves using the patient’s own abdominal lining, called the peritoneum, as a filter. A catheter is surgically inserted into the abdominal cavity, and a dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced through the catheter. The dialysate draws waste, toxins, and excess fluids from the bloodstream into the peritoneal cavity, where it is then drained out.

How is peritoneal dialysis performed?

Peritoneal dialysis can be done manually or with the help of a machine. In manual peritoneal dialysis, the patient fills the peritoneal cavity with dialysate fluid, allows it to dwell for a specific period, and then drains it out. This process needs to be repeated multiple times throughout the day. With machine-assisted peritoneal dialysis, the dialysate fluid is cycled in and out of the patient’s abdomen using a machine called a cycler.

How long does the dialysis process take?

Hemodialysis sessions typically last around four hours and are usually performed three times a week. Peritoneal dialysis, on the other hand, can be done in the comfort of the patient’s home and is usually performed multiple times during the day or during the night while the patient sleeps.

Are there any risks associated with dialysis?

Like any medical procedure, dialysis does carry some risks. Potential complications include infections at the access point, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, anemia, and fluid or electrolyte imbalances. However, these risks are closely monitored and can be managed with medical supervision.

Is dialysis a permanent solution?

Dialysis is typically a temporary solution for individuals awaiting a kidney transplant. However, for those who may not be suitable candidates for transplantation, it can be a long-term treatment option to maintain their health and quality of life.

In conclusion, dialysis is a crucial procedure for individuals with kidney failure. It provides a life-saving mechanism to replace the functions of the kidneys. Whether through hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, this process helps remove waste and excess fluids from the body, promoting overall wellness and improved quality of life for ESRD patients.