Radiation therapy, also known as radiotherapy, is a widely used treatment option for cancer patients. It involves the use of high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy is often used in conjunction with other cancer treatments like surgery or chemotherapy, or it can be used as the primary treatment method. But how exactly does radiation therapy work? What are its benefits and potential side effects? Let’s explore these questions and more in this article.

What is radiation therapy?

Radiation therapy is a medical treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. It can be delivered externally or internally. External beam radiation therapy directs radiation from a machine outside the body towards the tumor. Internal radiation therapy, also known as brachytherapy, involves placing a radioactive source directly into or near the tumor.

How does radiation therapy kill cancer cells?

Radiation therapy damages the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from multiplying and growing further. Normal cells can also be affected, but they are usually able to repair the damage more effectively than cancer cells. By delivering radiation in carefully calculated doses over a period of time, maximum damage can be inflicted on cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy tissue.

What types of cancer can be treated with radiation therapy?

Radiation therapy can be used to treat various types of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, prostate, cervical, bladder, and head and neck cancers. The decision to use radiation therapy depends on several factors like the tumor size, location, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

What are the benefits of radiation therapy?

Radiation therapy offers several benefits. Firstly, it can be used as a curative treatment for localized tumors, completely eliminating cancer cells. Secondly, it can be used to alleviate cancer-related symptoms, such as pain or bleeding, by reducing tumor size. Radiation therapy is also valuable in preventing the spread of cancer cells, particularly following surgical removal of a tumor.

What are the potential side effects of radiation therapy?

While radiation therapy is an effective treatment for cancer, it can cause side effects. These side effects vary depending on the location of the tumor being treated and the overall health of the patient. Common side effects include fatigue, skin irritation, hair loss, nausea, and diarrhea. Most side effects are temporary and can be managed with proper medical care.

How is radiation therapy planned and delivered?

Prior to starting radiation therapy, the radiation oncologist determines the appropriate radiation dosage and treatment schedule for the patient. This planning phase includes imaging tests, which help to precisely locate the tumor. During treatment, the patient lies on a treatment table, and a radiation therapist administers the radiation using a machine called a linear accelerator. The process itself is painless and similar to receiving an X-ray.

Can radiation therapy be combined with other cancer treatments?

Yes, radiation therapy can be combined with other cancer treatments. It is often used in combination with surgery or chemotherapy to increase treatment efficacy. Radiation therapy can be administered before surgery, known as neoadjuvant therapy, to shrink tumors and make them easier to remove. It can also be used after surgery, known as adjuvant therapy, to kill any remaining cancer cells.

In conclusion, radiation therapy is a vital tool in the treatment of cancer. With its ability to target and destroy cancer cells, it offers hope to patients around the world. By understanding how radiation therapy works, its benefits, and potential side effects, both patients and caregivers can make informed decisions about their treatment options.

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