How Does Measles Spread among Humans

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that has affected millions of people worldwide, causing morbidity and mortality particularly among children. The disease is caused by the measles virus, which primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

The virus can survive on surfaces and in the air for up to two hours, making it highly transmissible. Once a person comes into contact with these infected respiratory droplets or surfaces, they can contract the virus by breathing in the contaminated air or by touching their nose, mouth, or eyes after touching these contaminated surfaces.

Measles is so contagious that if one person has it, 90% of the people close to them who are not immune will also become infected. It is estimated that a single person with measles can infect up to 18 other individuals in a susceptible population.

The measles virus has an incubation period of around 10 to 12 days, during which an infected person may not exhibit any symptoms. This makes it particularly difficult to identify and control the spread of the virus. However, during this incubation period, the infected person can still spread the virus to others.

The most common symptoms of measles include high fever, cough, runny nose, red and watery eyes, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Infected individuals are contagious from four days prior to the onset of the rash to four days after the rash appears.

Once a person becomes infected with measles, the virus first replicates in the respiratory tract and spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream. The virus then targets the immune system, specifically the white blood cells known as lymphocytes. This results in a weakened immune response, making individuals more susceptible to other infections.

Measles is particularly dangerous for infants, pregnant women, individuals with compromised immune systems, and people who are malnourished. Complications of measles include pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and death in severe cases.

The best way to prevent the spread of measles is through vaccination. The measles vaccine, usually given in combination with mumps and rubella vaccines (MMR vaccine), is highly effective and provides long-lasting immunity. It is recommended for all children and adults who have not previously been vaccinated.

Additionally, maintaining good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of measles. This includes regularly washing hands with soap and water, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.

In conclusion, measles is a highly contagious viral infection that spreads through respiratory droplets or by touching infected surfaces. The virus can survive in the air and on surfaces for extended periods, making it easy for it to spread among humans. Vaccination and practicing good hygiene are essential in preventing the spread of measles and protecting vulnerable populations.