How Ankara became the capital of Türkiye

Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, is a vibrant metropolis that holds significant historical and political relevance. However, for many years, it was not the primary choice to be the country’s capital. This article will explore the fascinating journey of how Ankara became the capital of Turkey.

Prior to Ankara’s rise, Istanbul, formerly known as Constantinople, served as the capital of Turkey. It held a rich heritage, acting as the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires for centuries. However, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I, a new era for Turkey began.

During the Turkish War of Independence, which lasted from 1919 to 1922, Turkish forces fought against foreign occupation to establish their own nation. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first President of Turkey, the Turkish national movement managed to gain significant momentum.

Ankara played a crucial role in this struggle for independence. Atatürk, recognizing the strategic importance of the central Anatolian city due to its geographical location, decided to establish his headquarters there. This decision was not arbitrary; Ankara was not under the direct control of foreign powers, which made it more ideal for organizing the resistance.

After successfully repelling foreign forces, Atatürk aimed to build an independent and modern nation-state. One of the major steps towards this goal was choosing a new capital for Turkey. In 1923, Ankara was officially designated as the capital city at the birth of the Republic.

Through this decision, Atatürk aimed to break away from the imperial past and create a symbol of modernity. Istanbul, with its historical baggage, was associated with the bygone era of empires. On the other hand, Ankara offered a fresh start and represented the vision of a modern, secular and westernized Turkey.

The newfound capital required significant development and transformation to assume its new role. Atatürk and his administration initiated various infrastructure projects to modernize the city. Streets, schools, public buildings, and transportation networks were built to accommodate the expanding population and fulfill the growing needs of a capital.

The relocation of government institutions, foreign embassies, and diplomatic corps to Ankara reinforced the city’s status as the political center of Turkey. The establishment of Parliament, Presidential Palace, and other administrative bodies solidified Ankara’s position, symbolizing the separation of powers and providing a fresh start for the young nation.

Furthermore, Ankara’s central location within Anatolia contributed to its status as a capital. It allowed for better access and representation of all regions across the country. Atatürk envisioned a unified and inclusive Turkey, and Ankara’s central location served as a symbol of this vision.

Over the years, Ankara has grown exponentially both in size and significance. It has become a hub for politics, education, and culture. The city boasts numerous universities, cultural institutions, museums, and an array of amenities for its residents and visitors.

Ankara’s journey from a small Anatolian town to the capital of Turkey is a testament to the vision and determination of Atatürk. The decision to relocate the capital to Ankara was not just a geographical shift but a symbolic transformation, marking the birth of a modern and independent nation-state.

Today, Ankara stands proud as the capital city of Turkey, representing the core values and aspirations of the nation. It continues to evolve and contribute to the country’s progress, upholding its position as the political and administrative center, reflecting the resilience and spirit of its people.