Guinea-Bissau, the last independence

Located on the western coast of Africa, Guinea-Bissau is a small that holds a significant place in the continent’s history. Often overlooked on the global stage, Guinea-Bissau is the last country in sub-Saharan Africa to obtain independence from colonial rule. This achievement, attained in 1974 after years of struggle, represents the triumph of a collective will for self-determination.

Guinea-Bissau was a Portuguese colony for over four centuries, with the Portuguese initially using the land as a hub for the transatlantic slave trade. The arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century marked the beginning of a long period of exploitation and oppression. Natural resources such as cashew nuts and fish were exploited by the Portuguese for their own economic benefit, resulting in the impoverishment of the native population.

However, in the 20th century, a wave of independence movements swept across Africa, and Guinea-Bissau was not unaffected. Led by charismatic leaders like Amílcar Cabral, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) emerged as a prominent force in the struggle for freedom. The PAIGC advocated for armed resistance against Portuguese colonial rule, launching a guerrilla warfare campaign that proved to be a pivotal moment in the nation’s history.

The PAIGC successfully mobilized the population of Guinea-Bissau and gained support from other African nations for their cause. Their efforts resulted in international recognition and support, with countries like Cuba providing military assistance. African nations, emerging from colonialism themselves, saw Guinea-Bissau’s struggle as a symbol of hope and a catalyst for their own aspirations for independence.

After years of armed conflict, the Portuguese authorities finally succumbed to the mounting pressure. In April 1974, the Carnation Revolution in Portugal led to a change in government policies, including the recognition of the right to self-determination for its African colonies. This historic moment paved the way to negotiate an end to the war and the eventual declaration of independence for Guinea-Bissau.

On September 24, 1974, Guinea-Bissau became a sovereign nation, marking the last African colony to gain independence from direct colonial rule. This achievement was not merely a geographic shift; it represented the triumph of a nation’s resilience and their enduring spirit to assert their own identity.

However, Guinea-Bissau’s path to stability has been fraught with challenges in the years since independence. Political instability, coups, and military interference have hindered development and progress. Corruption and drug trafficking have also plagued the country, hindering efforts to improve the lives of its citizens.

Despite these obstacles, Guinea-Bissau remains a proud nation, with a rich cultural heritage and a vibrant population that seeks to overcome its challenges. Efforts to strengthen democracy and promote social and economic development continue to be pursued, with support from the international community.

In recent years, there have been positive signs of progress. Guinea-Bissau has experienced relative political stability, with successful presidential and parliamentary elections. The government has prioritized strengthening institutions, combating corruption, and fostering economic development, particularly in the agricultural sector.

Guinea-Bissau’s journey to independence may have been tumultuous, but it stands as a testament to the resilience and determination of a people striving for freedom and self-determination. Today, as the last nation in sub-Saharan Africa to achieve independence, Guinea-Bissau is a reminder of the sacrifices made and the triumphs attained in the pursuit of a better future for all Africans.