Gardner

Howard Gardner is a developmental psychologist who was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania in 1943. He obtained his undergraduate degree from Harvard University, followed by a Ph.D. in Psychology from Harvard’s Graduate School of Education. Gardner is currently the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.

Gardner is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences. Before his theory became widely accepted, many believed in the traditional notion of intelligence; that intelligence is a single trait that can be measured by standardized tests. However, Gardner’s theory suggests that intelligence is not simply one factor, but rather an array of different cognitive abilities.

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences suggests that there are at least eight different types of intelligences. These include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligence. Each of these intelligences is believed to be relatively independent of each other, with strengths and weaknesses present in each individual.

For example, individuals with linguistic intelligence excel in areas such as reading, writing, and public speaking. Logical-mathematical intelligence is characterized by mathematical and scientific reasoning. Spatial intelligence, on the other hand, is the ability to visualize and manipulate shapes and objects in the mind’s eye. Musical intelligence is the ability to understand and create music, and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence refers to the ability to control one’s body movements and handle objects skillfully.

Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively with others, while intrapersonal intelligence is the ability to understand oneself and one’s own emotions. Finally, naturalist intelligence is the ability to understand and appreciate the natural world.

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences has had a significant impact on education. Educators have embraced this theory and have sought to provide a more holistic approach to education that recognizes and celebrates the diversity of intelligence in each individual student. This approach encourages educators to provide a variety of learning methods and assessments that cater to the different strengths of each student.

Critics of Gardner’s theory argue that there is no empirical evidence to support the existence of multiple intelligences. However, Gardner suggests that intelligence is difficult to define and measure, and traditional standardized tests may not provide an accurate representation of an individual’s true intelligence.

In conclusion, Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences has revolutionized the way we think about intelligence and learning. His theory challenges the traditional notion of intelligence and recognizes the diversity of cognitive abilities in individuals. The impact of his theory can be seen in the way education is approached today, with educators providing a more individualized and diverse approach to teaching and learning. Gardner’s theory has opened up a world of possibilities and has paved the way for a more inclusive and holistic approach to education.