Diagnosis and Treatment of Mollusc Infections

Mollusc infections, also known as molluscum contagiosum, are viral skin infections caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). This common and contagious skin condition primarily affects children, although adolescents and adults can also be affected. In this article, we will explore the diagnosis and treatment options for mollusc infections.

Diagnosing mollusc infections can be done through a visual examination of the skin lesions. These lesions typically appear as small, flesh-colored or pinkish bumps with a central indentation. They can be smooth or waxy in texture and may vary in size, ranging from a pinhead to a pencil eraser. The distinctive feature of these lesions is their dimpled or umbilicated appearance. The presence of multiple lesions in a localized area helps confirm the diagnosis.

In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis, especially if the lesions do not exhibit the characteristic features. During a biopsy, a small sample of the skin lesion is obtained and examined under a microscope for the presence of viral particles.

Once a diagnosis is established, various treatment options are available, depending on the severity, location, and patient preference. However, it is important to note that molluscum contagiosum is a self-limiting condition, meaning it usually resolves on its own within 6-18 months. Nevertheless, treatment may be preferred to alleviate symptoms, prevent transmission, and expedite the healing process.

One common treatment option is the physical removal of the lesions. This can be done through curettage, where the lesions are gently scraped off with a curette, or by cryotherapy, which involves freezing the lesions with liquid nitrogen. These procedures are generally well-tolerated, but some discomfort and minor scarring may occur.

Another treatment option is the application of topical medications directly on the lesions. These can include over-the-counter creams such as salicylic acid or prescription medications like imiquimod or podophyllotoxin. These medications work by stimulating the immune system to fight against the virus or by inhibiting viral replication. The application of these medications should be done carefully and monitored to avoid irritation or adverse reactions.

In cases where the lesions are numerous or affect a large area, oral medications may be prescribed. These medications, such as cimetidine or the antiviral drug cidofovir, aim to boost the immune response and reduce the viral load. However, oral medications may be associated with more significant side effects, such as nausea or diarrhea, and require close monitoring.

Preventive measures play a crucial role in managing molluscum contagiosum. It is important to avoid direct skin-to-skin contact with infected individuals or sharing personal items like towels or razors. Regular hand hygiene and maintaining good personal hygiene can also help minimize the risk of spreading the infection.

Furthermore, prompt treatment of individual lesions can prevent the development of new ones and minimize the risk of transmission. However, it is important to note that once the infection is resolved or treated, re-infection is possible if exposed to the virus again.

In conclusion, the diagnosis of mollusc infections mainly relies on visual inspection of the characteristic skin lesions. While the infection is generally self-limiting, treatment options are available to alleviate symptoms, prevent transmission, and expedite healing. Physical removal, topical medications, and oral medications are the common treatment modalities used. However, preventive measures should be emphasized to minimize the risk of spreading the infection. If you or your child exhibit symptoms of molluscum contagiosum, consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance on the most appropriate treatment plan.