Conjunctival Haemorrhage: Causes and Treatments

The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent layer of tissue that covers the front surface of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. It contains numerous blood vessels that can sometimes rupture and lead to a condition known as conjunctival haemorrhage. This condition is characterized by the appearance of blood on the white part of the eye, giving it a red or pinkish hue. In this article, we will explore the causes and treatment options for conjunctival haemorrhage.

There are several potential causes for conjunctival haemorrhage. One of the most common causes is trauma to the eye. This trauma can occur due to an injury, such as being poked in the eye or getting hit by a foreign object. Excessive straining, such as during weightlifting or a forceful bout of coughing, can also cause blood vessels in the conjunctiva to rupture.

Certain medical conditions and medications can also increase the risk of conjunctival haemorrhage. High blood pressure, diabetes, and clotting disorders can make the blood vessels more fragile and susceptible to rupture. Additionally, some medications that thin the blood, such as aspirin or anticoagulants, can contribute to the development of conjunctival haemorrhage.

When it comes to treatment, most cases of conjunctival haemorrhage are self-limiting and do not require medical intervention. The blood on the surface of the eye is gradually absorbed by the body, similar to a bruise. However, there are a few self-care measures that can help alleviate discomfort and aid in the healing process.

Applying a cold compress to the affected eye can help reduce swelling and discomfort. Over-the-counter artificial tears or lubricating eye drops can also provide relief and promote healing. It is important to avoid rubbing or touching the eye as this can further aggravate the condition.

In cases where conjunctival haemorrhage is the result of an underlying medical condition or medication, it is crucial to address and manage the root cause. This may involve consulting with a healthcare professional to adjust medications or to receive appropriate treatment for the underlying condition.

In rare cases, conjunctival haemorrhage can be a sign of a more serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. If the blood covers a large portion of the eye or is accompanied by pain, vision changes, or discharge, it is vital to seek medical help promptly.

To prevent conjunctival haemorrhage, it is recommended to take precautions to protect the eyes from trauma. Wearing protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk to the eyes, such as sports or certain occupations, is essential. Maintaining good overall health, including managing chronic medical conditions and regularly monitoring blood pressure, can also help reduce the risk of conjunctival haemorrhage.

In conclusion, conjunctival haemorrhage is a relatively common condition characterized by the appearance of blood on the white part of the eye. It can be caused by trauma, medical conditions, or certain medications. Most cases do not require medical treatment and will resolve on their own over time. However, if symptoms are severe or accompanied by other concerning signs, it is important to seek medical attention. Taking preventive measures to protect the eyes and maintaining good overall health can help reduce the risk of conjunctival haemorrhage.