Causes of thickened nails

Thickened nails, also known as onychauxis, can be a common problem that affects individuals of all ages. This condition occurs when the nails become thicker than usual, resulting in a variety of discomforts and concerns. While it may not always be a serious medical condition, understanding the causes of thickened nails can help with prevention and appropriate treatment.

One of the most common causes of thickened nails is fungal infections. Fungi thrive in warm and moist environments, such as sweaty shoes or public swimming pools. When these fungi infect the nails, they can cause the nails to become thick, discolored, and brittle. Fungal infections can often be prevented by maintaining good hygiene, avoiding prolonged exposure to wet conditions, and wearing breathable footwear.

Another potential cause of thickened nails is psoriasis. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the skin, causing inflammation, scaling, and thickening. When psoriasis affects the nails, it can result in pitting, ridges, and increased thickness. Managing psoriasis through topical medications, systemic treatments, and lifestyle modifications can help prevent or reduce nail thickening.

Trauma or injury to the nails can also lead to thickened nails. Excessive pressure or repetitive trauma, such as from ill-fitting shoes or activities involving repetitive stress, can cause the nails to thicken as a protective mechanism. In these cases, the underlying cause of the trauma should be addressed, and proper footwear or protective measures should be used to prevent further damage.

Age can also play a role in the thickening of nails. As we age, the nails may naturally become thicker and more brittle. This is due to the reduced blood flow to the nail beds, resulting in slower nail growth and altered nail composition. While aging cannot be prevented, maintaining good nail maintenance and keeping them properly trimmed can help manage the thickness.

Certain medical conditions and medications can also contribute to the thickening of nails. Conditions like hypothyroidism and diabetes can affect the nails’ health and lead to thickening. Additionally, medications such as retinoids or chemotherapy drugs may have nail thickening as a side effect. Managing the underlying condition or discussing alternatives with a healthcare professional may be necessary.

Lastly, nutritional deficiencies can impact the health of nails, leading to thickening among other issues. Inadequate levels of essential vitamins and minerals, such as biotin, iron, or zinc, can result in brittle and thickened nails. Ensuring a well-balanced diet that includes these nutrients or considering supplementation may help improve nail health.

In conclusion, thickened nails can arise from various causes, each requiring specific treatment approaches. Fungal infections, psoriasis, trauma, age, medical conditions, medications, and nutritional deficiencies are among the common factors contributing to nail thickening. Proper hygiene, prevention strategies, addressing underlying conditions, and maintaining a balanced diet are important steps in preventing and managing thickened nails. If thickened nails persist or cause significant discomfort, it is recommended to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.