Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a clinical condition that has been linked to chronic cannabis use. The condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Described initially in 2004 by Allen et al., there has been an increasing number of cases reported in the recent years.

CHS affects both occasional and long-term cannabis users, although it appears to be more common among regular users of cannabis. The condition is typically seen in adults aged between 25 and 40 years, and it is associated with cyclic vomiting and abdominal pain. Sufferers may also experience an urge to take hot showers, which is known to alleviate their symptoms.

Symptoms of CHS

The symptoms of CHS usually occur in phases, with each phase lasting several days. The early phase typically begins with mild abdominal pain and nausea, which can progress to physical distress and uncontrollable vomiting. Other symptoms that accompany CHS include:

– Intense stomach cramps
– Cannabinoid dependence
– Dehydration
– Weight loss
– Hyperthermia
– Inability to sleep
– Anxiety
– Hair loss

Causes of CHS

Despite ongoing research into CHS, the exact cause of the condition remains unknown. However, several theories exist, which suggest that CHS may be the result of the body’s response to long-term exposure to THC, the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis.

Theories also suggest that CHS may be a form of cannabinoid toxicity due to the accumulation of cannabinoids within different organs of the body. Another theory suggests that the condition may be a result of a genetic predisposition to cannabinoid toxicity, leading to the development of CHS.

Treatments for CHS

There is no known cure for CHS, and treatment typically involves symptom management. Sufferers may be admitted into hospital for emergency treatment if symptoms are severe, and they are at risk of dehydration.

One of the most effective treatments for CHS is the cessation of cannabis use. Although the symptoms of the condition may worsen in the short term after quitting, they are likely to improve in the long term. Some individuals may also benefit from the use of antiemetic agents to alleviate nausea and vomiting.

In some cases, patients with CHS may find relief by taking hot showers or baths. The ingestion of capsaicin, a compound found in chili peppers, is also believed to help alleviate symptoms of nausea and abdominal pain associated with CHS.

Preventing CHS

The best way to prevent CHS is by avoiding the excessive consumption of cannabis. Individuals who use cannabis regularly should be aware of the early warning signs of the condition and seek medical attention if they develop symptoms.

In conclusion, CHS is a unique condition linked to chronic cannabis use, characterized by recurrent episodes of severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Although there is no known cure for the condition, treatment options are available to alleviate symptoms. Sufferers are advised to seek medical attention promptly, and individuals who use cannabis regularly are encouraged to reduce their cannabis consumption to prevent the development of CHS.