Because the Lombards were a distinct Germanic tribe

The Lombards, also known as the Langobards, were a prominent Germanic tribe that played a significant role in shaping the history of Europe during the Early Middle Ages. Originating from Scandinavia, the Lombards migrated southward, eventually establishing their kingdom in Italy. Their distinct culture, customs, and achievements have left a lasting imprint on the region.

The Lombards first appeared in historical records during the 1st century AD, when they were mentioned as a part of the Suebian confederacy. However, it wasn’t until the 6th century that they embarked on a major migration, settling in the Pannonian Basin (modern-day Hungary) as allies of the Byzantine Empire. Eventually, they grew discontent with their Byzantine overlords and sought new lands to call their own.

In the late 6th century, the Lombards, under their leader Alboin, invaded Italy, conquering the Lombard Kingdom. This marked the beginning of their reign over northern and central Italy, which lasted for over two centuries. The Lombards established a unique legal framework known as the Lombard Laws, contributing to the development of medieval law and influencing subsequent legal systems in Europe.

One of the most notable aspects of Lombard culture was their keen interest in craftsmanship and fine arts. Lombard goldsmiths were renowned for their intricate metalwork, producing exquisite jewelry and decorative objects. Their craftsmanship spread to other regions, leaving behind a legacy of Lombard-style artwork.

The Lombards were also highly skilled in warfare, building thriving military communities and establishing extensive fortifications. One example is the “Torre delle Milizie” in Rome, a magnificent watchtower built by the Lombards that still stands today. Their mastery of military tactics made them formidable opponents and allowed them to maintain their dominance over the Italian peninsula.

The Lombards were staunch followers of Arian Christianity, a controversial branch of the religion at the time. This created religious tensions with the Orthodox or Catholic populations of Italy and led to periodic conflicts. However, the Lombards were relatively tolerant, allowing the coexistence of different religious beliefs within their kingdom.

Lombard rule significantly impacted Italian society, particularly in terms of territorial division. The Lombards divided Italy into several dukedoms, which served as administrative divisions. These divisions lasted beyond Lombard rule and continued to shape the political landscape of Italy for centuries to come.

In 774, the Lombard Kingdom finally fell to the Franks, led by Charlemagne. This marked the end of Lombard dominance in Italy, as they assimilated into the growing European Carolingian Empire. Despite their political defeat, Lombard culture and identity persevered, leaving a lasting legacy through the numerous Lombard place names still found across Italy.

The Lombards were a distinct Germanic tribe whose migration and subsequent kingdom in Italy significantly impacted the history and culture of Europe. Their craftsmanship, military prowess, legal contributions, and the territorial divisions they established all left a lasting imprint on the region. The Lombard Kingdom may have ultimately succumbed to external powers, but their cultural influence and achievements have endured to this day.