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San Marino, a small but remarkable country located in Southern Europe, is widely recognized as the world’s oldest republic. However, what often goes unnoticed is the fact that it is also a supranational state. With a population of roughly 34,000 people, it may seem unlikely that a country of this size possesses such a unique status. Nevertheless, San Marino’s supranational nature sets it apart from other nations worldwide.
A supranational state refers to a political entity formed by the coming together of multiple sovereign states, usually with the intention of promoting economic, social, or political cooperation. In the case of San Marino, it is an independent enclave surrounded by Italy, making it geographically unique. Despite its tiny size, San Marino has established numerous supranational agreements and partnerships over the years.
One of the most prominent examples of San Marino’s supranationalism is its close relationship with the European Union (EU). San Marino has not only signed various bilateral agreements with the EU, but it also opted to adopt the euro as its official currency in 2002, joining the Eurozone alongside 19 other European countries. While not a member of the EU, San Marino benefits from the free trade agreements, customs cooperation, and economic stability fostered by its association with the union.
Moreover, San Marino is also a member of other supranational organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the Council of Europe. As a member of the UN, San Marino actively participates in global discussions and contributes to international diplomacy. Additionally, being part of the Council of Europe grants San Marino access to a platform for intergovernmental cooperation, focusing on issues related to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.
San Marino’s supranational status goes beyond diplomatic relations and political alliances. Specifically, it has found ways to distinguish itself in the field of sports. The country has its own non-profit, international sport federation recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) known as the San Marino National Olympic Committee (CONS). This allows San Marino to compete independently in various international sporting events, including the Olympics.
Economically, San Marino’s supranational nature has also played a crucial role. Thanks to various fiscal agreements with Italy, the country has been able to maintain a favorable tax system, attracting foreign investments and businesses. Furthermore, its association with the EU has been instrumental in promoting trade and ensuring economic stability within the country.
Despite its supranational status, San Marino has managed to preserve its unique identity and cultural heritage. The country’s rich history, picturesque landscapes, and charming medieval architecture continue to attract tourists from all over the world. San Marino’s supranational nature has not eroded its distinct features but rather enhanced its global visibility and influence.
In conclusion, San Marino’s status as a supranational state sets it apart from other nations of its size. Its participation in various supranational organizations, economic agreements, and sporting events showcases the country’s determination to actively engage on an international level. While small in terms of population and geographic size, San Marino’s global impact is a testament to the benefits that can arise from supranational cooperation and collaboration.
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