URI scheme is a set of characters that function as a unique identifier for a resource on the internet. The URI scheme is usually the first part of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and defines the method for accessing the resource.

The most common types of URI schemes are HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and file, but there are many more that serve specific purposes. For example, the mailto URI scheme is used to open the default email client on a device and fill in the email address, subject, and body.

One of the most important functions of URI schemes is to define how resources are accessed by web browsers and other web applications. When a user clicks on a link or enters a URL into their web browser, the browser uses the URI scheme to determine how to retrieve the requested resource.

The HTTP and HTTPS URI schemes are used to access resources on web servers, while the FTP and file URI schemes are used to access files on remote servers or local files on a device. Other URI schemes, such as the magnet URI scheme, are used for specific purposes like downloading files via peer-to-peer networks.

URI schemes are also used to launch applications on a device. For example, tel and sms URI schemes are used to initiate phone calls and send text messages, respectively, while geo URI schemes are used to open map applications and display locations.

In addition to providing a way to identify resources on the internet, URI schemes also offer security benefits. For example, HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) uses SSL/TLS encryption to ensure that data transmitted between a web server and a web browser is secure and cannot be intercepted by third-party attackers.

Overall, URI schemes play a critical role in the function of the internet and allow users to easily access and interact with resources and applications. While some URI schemes are more common than others, they all serve unique purposes and provide benefits to users and developers alike.

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