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Basal cell carcinoma, also known as basalioma, is the most common form of skin cancer. It usually develops on areas of the skin that have been overexposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and hands. While basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause significant damage if left untreated. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for basalioma.
Causes:
The primary cause of basal cell carcinoma is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Persons with fair skin, light-colored hair, and light-colored eyes are more susceptible to developing basalioma. Other risk factors include a family history of skin cancer, a weakened immune system, exposure to arsenic, and a history of radiation therapy.
Symptoms:
Basal cell carcinoma typically appears as a waxy or pearly bump on the skin. It may also present as a flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion. Other symptoms can include a sore that bleeds, a shiny pink or red patch, or a pink growth with an elevated border. Basalioma lesions usually grow slowly and may bleed or develop a crusted surface. It is essential to consult a dermatologist if any concerning changes occur on the skin.
Diagnosis:
A dermatologist usually diagnoses basal cell carcinoma by conducting a thorough physical examination of the affected area. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. During a biopsy, the dermatologist will take a small sample of the lesion and send it to a laboratory for analysis. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the stage of the cancer will also be determined to guide appropriate treatment.
Treatment:
Several treatment options are available for basalioma, depending on the size, location, and stage of the cancer. The most common treatment modalities include:
1. Surgical excision: During this procedure, the dermatologist removes the tumor and a small amount of surrounding healthy tissue. Stitches may be required to close the wound.
2. Cryosurgery: This technique involves freezing the tumor with liquid nitrogen, causing it to die and eventually fall off. Cryosurgery is most suitable for small, superficial basal cell carcinomas.
3. Curettage and desiccation: After the tumor is scraped off with a curette, an electric current is used to destroy any remaining cancer cells. This procedure is often repeated several times to ensure complete removal.
4. Mohs surgery: This highly effective procedure involves removing the skin cancer layer by layer, examining each layer under a microscope until no abnormal cells are detected. Mohs surgery maximizes preservation of healthy tissue, making it ideal for treating tumors in sensitive areas or those with a high risk of recurrence.
5. Radiation therapy: Rarely used, radiation therapy may be recommended for larger or recurrent tumors, or for patients who are not suitable for surgery.
Prevention:
Protecting your skin from harmful UV radiation is crucial in preventing basal cell carcinoma. The following preventive measures are highly recommended:
1. Apply sunscreen with a broad-spectrum SPF of 30 or higher.
2. Seek shade and limit sun exposure between 10 am and 4 pm when UV rays are the strongest.
3. Wear protective clothing such as hats, long-sleeved shirts, and sunglasses.
4. Avoid tanning beds and artificial sources of UV radiation.
In conclusion, basal cell carcinoma is a common form of skin cancer that primarily develops due to overexposure to the sun. It is essential to be aware of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options to ensure early detection and successful management. Remember to protect your skin from the sun’s harmful rays, and if you notice any concerning changes on your skin, consult a dermatologist promptly.
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